13 June, 2013

Mini Project :~ C Program To Perform Various Operations On Strings. [Such As : Find Length, Copy, Reverse, Palindrome, Concatenation, Sub-string]

This Post Contains A Mini Project :~ C Program To Perform Various Operations On Strings. [Such As : Find Length, Copy, Reverse, Palindrome, Concatenation, Sub-string] With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'String Operations', 'Character Arrays', 'Functions', 'Menu Driven Concept' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



Mini Project :~ C Program To Perform Various Operations On Strings. [Such As : Find Length, Copy, Reverse, Palindrome, Concatenation, Sub-string]
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/* Function Declarations */
void Scan1(char *);
void Scan2(char * , char *);
void Leng (char *);
void Copy (char * , char *);
void Reve (char * , char *);
void Palindrome(char * , char *);
void Concat    (char * , char *);
void Subs (char Str1[] , char Str2[]);

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()

{
 /* Declaration Of Local Variables Of 'main()' Function */

 int  Num = 0;
 char Str1[50] , Str2[50];

 clrscr();

 /* Printing 'Menu' On Screen/Console */
 printf(" \n :: Welcome To 'String Operation' Program :: \n ");

     do
     {
         printf(" \n Please Select One Of The Options From Following Menu : ");

         printf(" \n 1. Length Of Given String. \n 2. Copy   Of Given String.");
         printf(" \n 3. Reverse The String. \n 4. Check For Palindrome.");
         printf(" \n 5.Concatenate The Strings. \n 6. To Find The Sub-string.");
         printf(" \n 7. EXIT  From  PROGRAM.");

         printf(" \n Please Enter Your Option Here ::\t\a");

         scanf("%d" , &Num);

         switch(Num)
         {

              case 1: textcolor(RED);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Length Function :: \n ");
                      Scan1( Str1 );  // Call To Function.
                      Leng ( Str1 );   // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 2: textcolor(GREEN);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Copy Function :: \n ");
                      Scan1( Str1 );
                      Copy ( Str1 , Str2 );  // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 3: textcolor(YELLOW);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Reverse Function :: \n ");
                      Scan1( Str1 );
                      Reve ( Str1 , Str2 );   // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 4: textcolor(10);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Palindrome Function :: \n ");
                      Scan1( Str1 );
                      Palindrome( Str1 , Str2 );  // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 5: textcolor(12);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Concatenation Function :: \n ");
                      Scan2( Str1 , Str2 );
                      Concat(Str1 , Str2);   // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 6: textcolor(5);
                      clrscr();
                      printf(" \n :: Welcome To Substring Function :: \n ");
                      Scan2( Str1 , Str2 );
                      Subs ( Str1 , Str2 );   // Call To Function.
                      break;

              case 7: exit (0);  // Exit From Program.
                      break;

              default: printf(" \n Sorry!!!. Please Enter A Valid Choice. ");
        }
 }while( Num <= 7 );
 /* End Of 'Menu' */
 getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */

void Scan1(char *Str1)   // Function Definition.

{

    printf(" \n Please Enter The String ::\t ");

    fflush( stdin );

    gets  ( Str1 );

}

void Scan2(char *Str1 , char *Str2)   // Function Definition.

{

    printf(" \n Please Enter String 1 ::\t ");

    fflush( stdin );

    gets  ( Str1 );

    printf(" \n Please Enter String 2 ::\t ");

    fflush( stdin );

    gets  ( Str2 );

}

void Leng( char *Str1 )   // Function Definition.

{

    int i = 0;

    while( Str1[i] != '\0' )

    {

        i++;

    }

    printf(" \n The Length Of String Is ::\t%d ", i);

    getch();

}

void Copy( char *Str1 , char *Str2 )  // Function Definition.

{

    int i = 0 , j = 0;

    while( Str1[i] != '\0' )

    {

        Str2[j] = Str1[i];

        j++;

        i++;

    }

    Str2[j] = '\0';

    printf("The Entered String Is ::\t");

    puts(Str1);

    printf("Copy Of Given String Is ::\t");

    puts(Str2);

    getch();

}

void Reve( char *Str1 , char *Str2 )    // Function Definition.

{

    int i = 0 , j = 0;

    while( Str1[i] != '\0' )

    {

        i++;

    }

    for(i--; i>=0; i--)

    {

        Str2[j] = Str1[i];

        j++;

    }

    Str2[j] = '\0';

    printf("The Entered String Is ::\t");

    puts(Str1);

    printf("Reversed Of Given String Is ::\t");

    puts(Str2);

    getch();

}

void Palindrome( char *Str1 , char *Str2 )   // Function Definition.

{

    int i = 0, j = 0, flag = 0;

    while( Str1[i] != '\0' )

    {

        i++;

    }

    for(i--; i>=0; i--)

    {

        Str2[j] = Str1[i];

        j++;

    }

    Str2[j] = '\0';

    i=0;

    j--;

    while( Str1[i] == Str1[j] )

    {

        flag = 1;

        i++;

        j--;

    }

    if( flag == 1 )

    {

        printf("\nThe Given String Is A Palindrome");

    }

    else

    {

        printf("\nThe Given String Is Not A Palindrome");

    }

    getch();

}

void Concat( char *Str1 , char *Str2 )   // Function Definition.

{

    int i = 0 , j = 0;

    while( Str1[i] != '\0' )

    {

        i++;

    }

    while( Str2[j] != '\0' )

    {

        Str1[i] = Str2[j];

        i++;

        j++;

    }

    Str1[i] = '\0';

    printf("\n The Concatenated String Is :");

    puts( Str1 );

    getch();

}

void Subs( char Str1[] , char Str2[] )   // Function Definition.

{

    int i , j , flag = 0;

    for(j=0; Str2[j] != '\0'; j++)

    {

        for(i=0; Str1[i] != '\0'; i++)

        {

            if( Str1[i] == Str2[j] )

            {

                flag = 1;

                break;

            }

        }

    }

    if( flag == 1 )

        {

            printf("\nThe Given String 2 Is A Substring Of String 1");

        }

        else

        {

            printf("\nThe Given String 2 Is Not A Substring Of String 1");

        }

    getch();

}




12 June, 2013

C++ Program To Find & Print Inverse Of A Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Find & Print Inverse Of A Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'For-Loop' & 'Nested-Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program To Find & Print Inverse Of A Matrix.
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int a[3][3], b[3][3]; c[10];
float d[3][3], det;
int i, j, l, m, t, k;

clrscr();

/* Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] */

       cout  <<  "  Enter  9  Values for 2D Array  :  ";

       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  3;  i++  )

       {

                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  3;  j++  )

                {

                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];

                }

       }

/* Source Code For Computing Inverse Of A Matrix */

for(l=0; l<3; l++)

{

   for(m=0; m<3; m++)

   {

      t=0;

      for(i=0; i<3; i++)

      {

         for(j=0; j<3; j++)

         {

            if(i != l && j != m)

            {

               c[t]=a[i][j]; 

               t++;

            }

         }

      }

      b[l][m]=( c[0]*c[3] )-( c[1]*c[2] );

   }

}

   cout  <<  " \n Matrix A : ";

   for(i=0; i<3; i++)

   {

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j<3; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  a[i][j]<<"\t";

      }

   }

   cout  <<  " \n Adjoint Matrix : ";

   for(i=0; i<3; i++)

   {

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j<3; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  b[i][j]  <<  "\t";

      }

   }

   for(i=0; i<3; i++)

   {

      for(j=0; j<3; j++)

      {

         if(i+j==1 || i+j==3)

            a[i][j]=a[i]][j]*-l;

      }

   }

   cout  <<  " \n Values Of Matrix A : ";

   for(i=0; i<3; i++)

   {

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j<3; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  a[i][j]  <<  "\t";

      }

   }

   for(i=0; i<3; i++)

   {

      det=0;

      for(j=0; j<3; j++)

      {

         det=det+a[i][j]*b[i][j];

      }

   }

cout  <<  " \n Determinant : "  <<  det;

if(det != 0)

{

      for(i=0; i<3; i++)

      {

         for(j=0; j<3; j++)

         {

            d[i][j]=b[i][j]/det;

         }

      }

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */

      cout  <<  " \n Inverse Of Matrix A : ";

      for(i=0; i<3; i++)

      {

         cout  <<  "\n";

         for(j=0; j<3; j++)

         {

            cout  <<  d[i][j]  <<  "\t";

         }

      }     

}

else

{

   cout  <<  " \n Inverse Of Matrix Is Not Possible";

}

getch();

}

/* End Of Main Program */




C++ Program For Sorting Of A Matrix By Rows.

This Post Contains A C++ Program For Sorting Of A Matrix By Rows With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'For-Loops', 'If...else' & 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.



# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program For Sorting Of A Matrix By Rows.
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int a[10][10], i, j, r, c, t;

clrscr();

      /* Asking For The Input From User */

       cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";

       cin  >>  r  >>  c ;

      

       //  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]

       cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c  <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";

       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )

       {

                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )

                {

                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];

                }

       }

       // Printing Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]

       cout  <<  "  Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] Are  :  ";

       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )

       {

                cout  <<  " \n ";

                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )

                {

                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];

                }

       }

/* Source Code For Sorting Of A Matrix By Rows */

   for(i=0; i < r; i++)

   {

      for(j=0; j < c; j++)

      {

         for(k=j+1; k < q; k++)

         {

            if(a[i][j] > a[i][k])

            {

               t=a[i][j];

               a[i][j]=a[i][k];

               a[i][k]=t;

            }

         }

      }

   }
/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */   

   cout  <<  " \n After Sorting Elements Of Matrix A : ";

   for(i=0; i < r; i++)

   {

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j < c; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  a[i][j]  <<  "\t";

      }

   }

getch();

}

/* End Of Main Program */

Output:
Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :

9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

After Sorting Elements Of Matrix A :

7  8  9

4  5  6

1  2  3




C++ Program For Sorting All Elements Of A Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program For Sorting All Elements Of A Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'For-Loop', 'If...else' & 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program For Sorting All Elements Of A Matrix.
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int a[10][10], b[30], i, j, r, c, s, t;

clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";
cin  >>  r  >>  c ;

      

//  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c  <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";
t=0;
for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
{

      for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )

     {

            cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];

            b[t]=a[i][j];

            t++

     }
}

/* Source Code For Sorting All Elements Of A Matrix */
for(i=0; i < t; i++)
{

      for(j=i+1; j b[j])

           s=b[i];

           b[i]=b[j];

           b[j]=s;

      }
}

cout  <<  " \n Elements Of Matrix A : ";
for(i=0; i < r; i++)
{

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j < c; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  a[i][j]  <<  "\t";

      }
}

/* Assigning Sorted Elements */
t=0;
for(i=0; i < r; i++)
{

      for(j=0; j < c; j++)

      {

         a[i][j]=b[t];

         t++;

      }
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
cout  <<  " \n After Sorting Elements Of Matrix A : ";
for(i=0; i < r; i++)
{

      cout  <<  "\n";

      for(j=0; j < c; j++)

      {

         cout  <<  a[i][j]  <<  "\t";

      }
}

getch();

}
/* End Of Main Program */

Output:
Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9

Array A Is :

1  4  9

2  7  8

5  6  3

After Sorting Elements Of Matrix A :

1  2  3

4  5  6

7  8  9




10 June, 2013

C Program To Find Highest And Lowest Elements Of An Array.

This Post Contains A C Program To Find Highest And Lowest Elements Of An Array With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays' & 'For-loop' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C Program To Find Highest And Lowest Elements Of An Array.
 
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#inlcude<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
    /* Declaration Of Variables */ 
    int a[20];
    int e, dim, highest, lowest;
    clrscr();

    /* Asking For The Input From User */
    printf(" \n Enter The Dimension Of Array : ");
    scanf("%d", &dim);
    printf(" \n Now Enter The %d Elements Into Array : ", dim);
    for( e=0; e<dim; e++ )
    {
        scanf("%d", &a[e]);
    }

    /* Source Code For Computing Highest And Lowest Elements Of An Array */
    highest=a[0];
    lowest=a[0];
    for( e=0; e<dim; e++ )
    {
        if( a[e] > highest )
        {
            highest = a[e];
        }
        if( a[e] < lowest )
        {
            lowest = a[e];
        }
    }

    /* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
    printf(" \n Highest Element Is : ", highest);
    printf(" \n Lowest Element Is : ", lowest);
    getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Enter The Dimension Of Array : 5

Now Enter The 5 Elements Into Array : 1  2  3  4  5

Highest Element Is : 5

Lowest Element Is : 1




C Program For Swapping Of Two Arrays.

This Post Contains A C Program For Swapping Of Two Arrays With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays' & 'For-loop' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


When It Comes To Arrays, Most Of Us Get Confused & Hence Some Of Us Find Or Thinks That This Particular Concept Is Complicated As Well As Tricky. But The Following Code Will Make It Really Simple For You To Understand.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.

  
C Program For Swapping Of Two Arrays.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
   /* Declaration Of Variables */
   int a[10], b[10], f, p;
   clrscr();

   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Dimension : ");
   scanf("%d", &f);
   printf(" \n Enter %d Values For Array A : ", f);
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
        scanf("%d", &a[p]);
   }

   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter %d Values For Array B : ", f);
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     scanf("%d", &b[p]);
   }

   /* Printing The Values Of Array A */
   printf(" \n Values For Array A : ");
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     printf(" %d \t ", a[p]);
   }

   /* Printing The Values Of Array B */
   printf(" \n Values For Array B : ");
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     printf(" %d \t ", b[p]);
   }

   /* Source Code For Swapping Of Two Arrays */
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     a[p] = a[p] + b[p];
     b[p] = a[p] - b[p];
     a[p] = a[p] - b[p];
   }

   /* Printing The Output On The Screen/Console */
   printf(" \n After Swapping : \n ");
   printf(" Values For Array A : ");
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     printf(" %d \t ", a[p]);
   }
   printf(" Values For Array B : ");
   for ( p = 0; p < f; p++ )
   {
     printf(" %d \t ", b[p]);
   }
  
   getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */

Output  :

Enter Dimension  :  3

Enter 3 Values For Array A  :  1  2  3

Enter Dimension  :  3

Enter 3 Values For Array B  :  4  5  6

Values Of Array A  :  1  2  3

Values Of Array B  :  4  5  6

After Swapping  :

Values Of Array A  :   4  5  6

Values Of Array B  :   1  2  3



  




09 June, 2013

C Program To Print An Array Using Pointer.

This Post Contains A C Program To Print An Array Using Pointer With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays' & 'Pointers' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.
  


  • A linear array is a list of finite number 'n' of homogeneous data elements.
  • The elements of array are referenced by index set consisting of 'n' consecutive numbers.
  • The elements of array are stored respectively in successive memory locations.
  • The number 'n' of elements is called as 'length' or 'size' of the array.
  • Length Of Array = UB - LB + 1.
          Where UB = largest index i.e. upper bound.
                     LB = smallest index i.e. lower bound.
  • The elements of array A may be denoted by subscript notation.
          A1A2A3,  .......... An
  • But in languages generally bracket notation is used.
          A[0], A[1], A[2], .......... A[n]

   
C Program To Print An Array Using Pointer.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int i, a[10], *ptr;
clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
printf(" \n Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' : ");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
ptr=&a;                                 // Or You Can Also Denote ptr=&a[0];
printf(" \n The Entered Numbers Are : \n ");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   printf("%d \t", *ptr);
   ptr++;
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

The Entered Numbers Are :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C Program To Print An Array Onto Screen/Console.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int i, a[10];
clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
printf(" \n Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' : ");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
printf(" \n The Entered Numbers Are : \n ");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   printf("%d \t", a[i]);
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

The Entered Numbers Are :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10




C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Octal No.

This Post Contains A C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Octal No With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'For-loop', 'While-loop' & 'If...else' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Octal No.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

   /* Declaration Of Variables */
   long Num;
   int   r,   q,   o,   a[ 20 ], b[ 20 ];
   clrscr();

   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Any No. : ");
   scanf("%d", &Num);

   /* Source Code For Computing Conversion Of Decimal Into Octal */
   o   =   0;
   while (   Num   >   0   )
   {
     if  (  Num  <  8  )
     {
       a[ o++ ]   =   Num;
       break;
     }
     else
     {
       a[ o++ ]   =   Num   %   8 ;
       Num   =   Num  /  8 ;
     }
   }
   r  =  0;
   for  (  q  =  0 - 1;  q  >=  0;  q--  )
   {
     b[ r++ ]  =  a[ q ] ;
   }

   /* Printing The Output On Console/Screen */
   printf(" \n Octal No. :  ");
   for  (  q  =  0;  q  <  r;  q++  )
   {
     printf("%d", b[ q ]);
   }
   getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */ 




C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Binary No.

This Post Contains A C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Binary No. With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'For-Loop' & 'While-Loop' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

 # Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C Program For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Binary No.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
 
   /* Declaration Of Variables */
   int Num, i, j, k, a[20], b[20];
   clrscr();

   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Any No. : ");
   scanf("%d", &Num);
 
   /* Source Code For Conversion Of Decimal No Into Binary No */
   i = 0;
   while ( Num > 0 )
  {
     a[i] = Num % 2;
     i++;
     Num = Num / 2;
   }
   k = i - 1;
   printf("\n\n");
   for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ )
   {
     b[j] = a[k--];
     printf("%d", b[j]);
   }
   getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */  





C Program For Conversion Of Binary No. Into Decimal No.

This Post Contains A C Program For Conversion Of Binary No. Into Decimal No With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays' & 'While-loop' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C Program For Conversion Of Binary No Into Decimal No.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
 
   /* Declaration Of Variables */
   int p, q, r, b[20];
   long Num;
   clrscr();
 
   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Any Binary Number : ");
   scanf("%d", &Num);
 
   /* Source Code For Computing Conversion Of Binary Into Decimal */
   p = 0;
   while ( Num > 0 )
   {
     b[p++] = Num % 10;
     Num = Num / 10;
   }
   q = p - 1;
   r = 0;
   while ( q >= 0 )
   {
     r = r + ( b[q] * pow ( 2 , q ) );
     q--;
   }
   printf(" \n Decimal No. Of Given Binary No. Is : %d ", r);
   getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */     




C Program To Find Given Number As Binary Or Not.

This Post Contains A C Program To Find Given Number As Binary Or Not With Correct Source Code & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'While-loop' & 'If...else' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.



# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C Program To Find Given Number As Binary Or Not.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
 
   /* Declaration Of Variables */
   int r, c;
   long n, t;
   clrscr();
 
   /* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Any Number : ");
   scanf( "%d", &n );

   /* Source Code For Computing Binary Number */
   t = n;   c = r = 0;
   while (  n  >  0  )
   {
     if ( n % 10 == 0 || n % 10 == 1 )
     {
       c++;
       r++;
       n = n / 10;
     }
   }
   if ( c == r)
     printf(" \n %d Is Binary ", t);
   else
     printf(" \n %d Is Not Binary ", t);
   getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */      




C Program To Find LCM & GCD Of Integers/Numbers.

LCM: Least Common Multiple.

In Arithmetic, The LCM: Least Common Multiple[Also Called As 'Lowest Common Multiple'] Of Two Integers a & b, Usually Denoted By LCM[a,b], Is The Smallest Positive Integer That Is Divisible By Both a & b. If Either a Or b Is '0' [Zero], LCM[a,b] Is '0' [Zero].

Overview

A Multiple Of A Number Is The Product Of That Number & An Integer. For Ex, 10 Is A Multiple Of 5 Because 5 x 2 = 10, So 10 Is Divisible By 5 & 2. Because 10 Is The Smallest Positive Integer That Is Divisible By Both 5 & 2, It Is The Least Common Multiple Of 5 & 2. By The Same Principle, 10 Is The Least Common Multiple Of -5 & 2 As Well.

Example

What Is The LCM Of 4 & 6?

Multiples Of 4 Are:
  
   4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, ...

and the multiples of 6 are:
  
   6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, ...

Common multiples of 4 and 6 are simply the numbers that are in both lists:

   12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, ....

So, from this list of the first few common multiples of the numbers 4 and 6, their least common multiple is 12.

Application

When adding, subtracting, or comparing vulgar fractions, it is useful to find the least common multiple of the
denominators, often called the lowest common denominator, because each of the fractions can be expressed as a
fraction with this denominator. For instance,

[2\21] + [1\6] = [4\42] + [7\42] = [11\42]

where the denominator 42 was used because it is the least common multiple of 21 and 6.

This Post Contains A C Program To Find LCM & GCD Of Integers/Numbers With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Cascading Of Operators' & 'Functions' From C Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C Program To Find LCM & GCD Of Integers/Numbers.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
int gcd ( int , int );      // Function Declaration.
void lcm ( int , int );   // Function Declaration.

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
   int a, b;
   clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
   printf(" \n Enter Two Nos : ");
   scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
   if (  a  <  b  )
   {
      printf(" \n GCD Of %d & %d Is : %d",a, b, gcd (a , b));    // Function Call.
   }
   else
   {
      printf(" \n GCD Of %d & %d Is : %d",a, b, gcd (a , b));   // Function Call.
   }
   lcm (a , b);    // Function Call.
   getch();
   }
/* End Of Main Program */

   int gcd ( int c , int d )     // Function Definition.
   {
      int r;
      r = d % c;
      while ( r  !=  0  )
      {
         d = c;
         c = r;
         r = d % c;
      }
      return (c);
   }
void lcm ( int x , int y )     // Function Definition.
{
   int l;
   if ( x < y )
   {
     l = ( x * y ) / gcd ( x , y );
   }
   else
   {
     l = ( x * y ) / gcd ( y , x );
   }
   printf(" \n LCM Of %d & %d Is : %d", a, b, l);
}

GCD: Greatest Common Divisor

In mathematics, the GCD: Greatest Common Divisor[also known as the 'Greatest Common Factor (GCF)', or 'Highest Common Factor (HCF)'], of two or more non-zero integers, is the largest positive integer that divides the numbers without a remainder. For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4.

Notation

In this article we will denote the greatest common divisor of two integers a and b as gcd(a,b). Some older textbooks use (a,b).

Example

The number 54 can be expressed as a product of two other integers in several different ways:

   54 x 1 = 27 x 2 = 18 x 3 = 9 x 6.

Thus the divisors of 54 are:

    1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54.

Similarly the divisors of 24 are:

    1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.

The numbers that these two lists share in common are the common divisors of 54 and 24:

    1, 2, 3, 6.

The greatest of these is 6. That is the greatest common divisor of 54 and 24. One writes:

    gcd(54,24) = 6.

Reducing fractions

The greatest common divisor is useful for reducing fractions to be in lowest terms. For example, gcd(42, 56) = 14, therefore,

   {42\56} = {(3)(14) \ (4)(14)} = {3\4}.

Co-prime numbers

Two numbers are called relatively prime, or co-prime if their greatest common divisor equals 1. For example, 9 and 28 are relatively prime.




C++ Program To Find & Print Largest & Smallest Element Of Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Find & Print Largest & Smallest Element Of Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program To Find & Print Largest & Smallest Element Of Matrix.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#  include  <iostream.h>
#  include  <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
     
       /* Declaration Of Variables */
       int  i,  j,  r  =  0,  c  =  0;
       int  a [ 10 ][ 10 ];
       clrscr();

       /* Asking For The Input From User */
       cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";
       cin  >>  r  >>  c ;
      
       //  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

       // Printing Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] Are  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                cout  <<  " \n ";
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

/* Source Code For Computing Largest & Smallest Element Of Matrix */
l=0;
s=a[0][0];
for(i=0; i<r; i++)
{
   for(j=0; j<c; j++)
   {
      if(l<a[i][j])
         l=a[i][j];
      if(a[i][j]<s)
         s=a[i][j];
   }
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */   
cout<<" \n Largest Element Of Matrix Is : "<<l;     
cout<<" \n Smallest Element Of Matrix Is : "<<s;
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */ 


Output :


Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9

Array A Is :
1  2  3
4  5  6
7  8  9

Largest Element Of Matrix Is : 9

Smallest Element Of Matrix Is : 1




C++ Program To Find & Print Upper Right & Lower Left Triangles Of Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Find & Print Upper Right & Lower Left Triangles Of Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At TurboC/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program To Find & Print Upper Right & Lower Left Triangles Of Matrix.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#  include  <iostream.h>
#  include  <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
    
       /* Declaration Of Variables */
       int  i,  j,  r  =  0,  c  =  0;
       int  a [ 10 ][ 10 ];
       clrscr();

       /* Asking For The Input From User */
       cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";
       cin  >>  r  >>  c ;
      
       //  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c  <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

       // Printing Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] Are  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                cout  <<  " \n ";
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

/* Source Code For Computing Upper Right & Lower Left Triangles Of Matrix If & Only If Rows & Columns Are Equal */
if(r==c)
{
   cout<<" \n Upper Right Triangle Of Matrix Is : ";
   for(i=0; i<r; i++)
   {
      cout<<"\n";
      for(j=0; j<c; j++)
      {
         if(j>=i)
         {
            cout<<a[i][j]<<"\t";
         }
         else
         {
            cout<<"\t";
         }
      }
   }

   cout<<" \n Lower Left Triangle Of Matrix Is : ";
   for(i=0; i<r; i++)
   {
      cout<<"\n";
      for(j=0; j<c; j++)
      {
         if(j<=i)
         {
            cout<<a[i][j]<<"\t";
         }
         else
         {
            cout<<"\t";
         }
      }
   }
}
else
{
   cout<<" \n Upper Right & Lower Left Triangles Of Matrix Are Not Possible";
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9

Array A Is :
1  2  3
4  5  6
7  8  9

Upper Right Triangle Of Matrix Is :
1  2  3
    5  6
        9

Lower Left Triangle Of Matrix Is :

4  5 
7  8  9




C++ Program To Find & Print Sum Of Diagonal Elements Of Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Find & Print Sum Of Diagonal Elements Of Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At TurboC/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program To Find & Print Sum Of Diagonal Elements Of Matrix.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#  include  <iostream.h>
#  include  <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
   
       /* Declaration Of Variables */
       int  i,  j,  r  =  0,  c  =  0;
       int  a [ 10 ][ 10 ];
       clrscr();

       /* Asking For The Input From User */
       cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";
       cin  >>  r  >>  c ;
      
       //  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c  <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

       // Printing Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] Are  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                cout  <<  " \n ";
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cout  <<  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }
/* Source Code For Computing Sum Of Diagonal Elements If & Only If Rows & Columns Are Equal */
sum=0;
if(r==c)
{
   for(i=0; i<r; i++)
   {
      for(j=0; j<c; j++)
      {
         if(i+j==0 || i+j==2 || i+j==4)
         {
            sum=sum+a[i][j];
         }
      }
   }
   /* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
   cout<<"\n Sum Of Diagonal Elements Of Array Is : "<<sum;
}
else
{
   cout<<" \n Addition Is Not Possible";
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */ 


Output :

Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9

Array A Is :
1  2  3
4  5  6
7  8  9

Sum Of Diagonal Elements Of Array Is : 15






C++ Program To Print Transpose Of A Matrix.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Print Transpose Of A Matrix With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At TurboC/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays', 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.

# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.



C++ Program To Print Transpose Of A Matrix.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#  include  <iostream.h>
#  include  <conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{
    
       /* Declaration Of Variables */
       int  i,  j,  r  =  0,  c  =  0, t = 0;
       int  a [ 10 ][ 10 ];
       clrscr();

       /* Asking For The Input From User */
       cout  <<  "  Enter Number Of Rows & Columns Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]  :  ";
       cin  >>  r  >>  c ;
      
       //  Accepting Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Enter  "  <<  r  *  c  <<  "  Values for 2D Array  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

       // Printing Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ]
       cout  <<  "  Values Of 2D Array [ Matrix ] Are  :  ";
       for  (  i  =  0;  i  <  r;  i++  )
       {
                cout  <<  " \n ";
                for  (  j  =  0;  j  <  c;  j++  )
                {
                         cin  >>  a [ i ][ j ];
                }
       }

/* Source Code For Computing Transpose Of Matrix  If & Only If Rows & Columns Are Equal */
if(r==c)
{
   for(i=0; i<r; i++)
   {
      for(j=0; j<i; j++)
      {
         t=a[i][j];
         a[i][j]=a[j][i];
         a[j][i]=t;
      }
   }
/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
   cout<<" \n After Transposing : ";
   for(i=0; i<r; i++)
   {
      cout<<"\n";
      for(j=0; j<c; j++)
      {
         cout<<a[i][j]<<"\t";
      }
   }
}
else
{
   cout<<" \n Transpose Is Not Possible";
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Enter Order For Array A : 3 3

Enter 9 Values For Array :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9

Array A Is :
1  2  3
4  5  6
7  8  9

After Transpose :
1  4  7
2  5  8
3  6  9




08 June, 2013

Preface Of The Blog.

Dear Friends,
    
         We fell delighted to present you the 'Most Commonly Asked Programs In 'C' & 'C++' Language' blog based on C & C++ Programming language. It comes up as a genuine aid to boost up your programming skills. All you need to do is thoroughly understand all it's aspect & practice the techniques mention in this blog to use it. Since we all know that, 'Practice Makes The Human Perfect'.
   
         The very structure of programs in this blog, reveals a profound study of concerned concepts/features. We have done our level best to incorporate complete syllabus in compliance to concept wise program distribution. Rather, to ease the study process & keep you aptly guided, we have provided a wide variety of programs with correct source code, algorithm & output. The blog is prepared in such a way that, any learner irrespective of  his/her background in field of programming or even one's level of status i.e. [Beginner, Mediocre or even Professional] can understand & grasp the contents of it in a very easy way. A sincere effort has been made after referring to many renowned prescribed books & data materials.
  
         Dear programmers, you are kindly advised to analyze, write & compile each & every program present in this blog. Thereafter, get them thoroughly understood & verified by your parents, tutors, teachers & lecturers and please make sure that pay enough attention to their requisite instructions or clarification, cause it'll help you to overcome any problems, queries or doubts in near future. Learning programming or it's techniques is not just understanding it's concepts/features, But also rectifying your mistakes which you make while doing so. Also be keen vigilant to perfect the structure of programming,
concepts related to algorithms, psuedocodes & flowcharts to add more to your skills.
         
        Hard work, consistent practice & planned studies are the keystone to greater heights in success. Our little guidance, would help you make a clean sweep as far as a bright success is concerned.
     
         Despite the best efforts, it is possible that some unintentional errors might have occurred. We shall acknowledge with gratitude any such errors if pointed out. Any suggestions for the improvement of this blog will be gratefully appreciated & will be definitely eliminated without any delay.

         You just believe in us & make a perfect use of our blog and see how you get the desired improvements & perfection in your programming skills.
  
         We hope you will bag the cherished success.

                                                                                                                                                       Author.

Please Visit The Following Articles Of This Blog Before Proceeding Further.
These Links Will Be Beneficial For You & Will Guide You For Better Understanding Of The 'C' & 'C++' Language.




07 June, 2013

C++ Program To Perform Merge Sort.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Perform Merge Sort With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At TurboC/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Merge Sort', 'Array', 'Function', 'Nested Loops' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C++ Program To Perform Merge Sort.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Function Declaration */
void Merge(int c[], int r[]);
/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int a[10], b[10], c[20];
int i=0, j=0, x, y;
clrscr();
/* Asking For The Input From User */
cout<<" \n Enter Dimension For Array A : ";
cin>>x;
cout<<" \n Enter "<<x<<" Values For Array A : ";
for(i=0; i<x; i++)
{
   cin>>a[i];
}

cout<<" \n Enter Dimension For Array B : ";
cin>>y;
cout<<" \n Enter "<<y<<" Values For Array B : ";
for(i=0; i<y; i++)
{
   cin>>b[i];
}

/* Source Code For Computing Merge Sort */
for(i=0; i<x; i++)
c[i]=a[i];
while(j<y)
c[i++]=b[j++];
Merge(c,x+y);           // Function Call.
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */

/* Function Definition */
void Merge(int c[], int r[])
{

/* Declaration Of Local Variables Of Function */
int k, p, q, fl, fu, sl, su, size, d[20];
size=1;
while(size<r)
{
   fl=0;k=0;
   while(fl+size<r)
   {
      sl=fl+size;
      fu=sl-1;
      su=(sl+size-1<r)?sl+size-1:r-1;
      for(p=fl, q=sl; p<=fu && q<=su; k++)
      {
         if(c[p]<=c[q])
         {
           d[k]=c[p++];
         }
         else
         {
           d[k]=c[q++];
         }
      }
      for(; p<=fu; k++)
      {
         d[k]=c[p++];
      }
      for(; q<=su; k++)
      {
         d[k]=c[q++];
      }
      fl=su+1;
   }
   for(p=fl; k<r; p++)
   {
      d[k++]=c[p];
   }
   for(p=0; p<r; p++)
   {
      c[p]=d[p];
   }
   size*=2;
}
cout<<"\n";
for(q=0; q<r; q++)
   cout<<c[q]<<"\t";
}
/* End Of Function */


Output :

Enter Dimension For Array A : 4
Enter 4 Values For A :
01  2  83  45

Enter Dimension For Array B : 8
Enter 8 Values For B :
65  64  37  82  19  10  25  63

After Merge Sort :
01  10  19  25  29  37  45  63  64  65  82  83




C++ Program To Perform Shell Sort.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Perform Shell Sort With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At TurboC/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Shell Sort', 'Array', 'Nested Loops', 'Functions' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.


C++ Program To Perform Shell Sort.
/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
/* Function Declaration */
void ShellSort(int a[], int b[], int d, intx);
/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int i, dim, x, a[20], b[5];
clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
cout<<" \n Enter Dimension For Array : ";
cin>>dim;
cout<<" \n Enter "<<dim<<" Values For Array : ";
for(i=0; i<dim; i++)
{
   cin>>a[i];
}
/* Source Code For Computing Shell Sort */
cout<<" \n Enter Number Of Increments : ";
cin>>x;
cout<<" \n Enter Increments Last 1 : ";
for(i=0; i<x; i++)
{
   cin>>b[i];
}
cout<<" \n Entered Values Of Array Are : ";
for(i=0; i<dim; i++)
{
   cout<<a[i]<<"\t";
}
cout<<" \n Increments Are : ";
for(i=0; i<x; i++)
{
   cout<<b[i]<<"\t";
}

ShellSort(a, b, dim, x);         // Function Call.

getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */

/* Function Definition */
void ShellSort(int a[], int b[], int d, intx)
{

/* Declaration Of Local Variables Of Function */
int j, k , l, y, inc, span;
for(j=0; j<x; j++)
{
   span=b[j];
   for(k=span; k<d; k++)
   {
      y=a[k];
      for(l=k-span; l>=0&&y<a[l]; l-=span)
       a[l+span]=a[l];
      a[l+span]=y;
   }
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
cout<<" \n After Sorting Array Is : ";
for(j=0; j<d; j++)
{
   cout<<a[j]<<"\t";
}
}
/* End Of Function */
Output :

Enter Dimension : 10

Enter 10 Values For Array :
91  28  73  46  50  19  82  37  64  05

Enter Number Of Increments : 3

Enter Increments Last 1 : 4  2  1

Values Of Array Are :
91  28  73  46  50  19  82  37  64  05

Increments : 4  2  1

After Sorting Array Is :
05  19  28  37  46  50  64  73  82  91




C++ Program To Print An Array Using Pointer.

This Post Contains A C++ Program To Print An Array Using Pointer With Correct Source Code, Algorithm & Output. This Program Is Written, Compiled & Executed At Turbo C/C++3.0 Compiler & Will Help You To Understand The Concept Of 'Arrays' & 'Pointers' From C++ Language. It Is A Well-Structured Program With Proper Comments Which Provides Step-By-Step Description Of Various Features Of The Language In A Simple & Easy-To-Understand Way.


# Note : You Can Simply Copy-Paste The Following Program Or Code Into Compiler For Direct Result.
  


  • A linear array is a list of finite number 'n' of homogeneous data elements.
  • The elements of array are referenced by index set consisting of 'n' consecutive numbers.
  • The elements of array are stored respectively in successive memory locations.
  • The number 'n' of elements is called as 'length' or 'size' of the array.
  • Length Of Array = UB - LB + 1.
          Where UB = largest index i.e. upper bound.
                     LB = smallest index i.e. lower bound.
  • The elements of array A may be denoted by subscript notation.
          A1A2A3,  .......... An
  • But in languages generally bracket notation is used.
          A[0], A[1], A[2], .......... A[n]

   
C++ Program To Print An Array Using Pointer.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int i, a[10], *ptr;
clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
cout<<" \n Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' : ";
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   cin>>a[i];
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */
ptr=&a;                                 // Or You Can Also Denote ptr=&a[0];
cout<<" \n The Entered Numbers Are : \n ";
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   cout<<*ptr<<"\t";
   ptr++;
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

The Entered Numbers Are :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ Program To Print An Array Onto Screen/Console.

/* Declaration Of Header Files */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

/* Start Of Main Program */
void main()
{

/* Declaration Of Variables */
int i, a[10];
clrscr();

/* Asking For The Input From User */
cout<<" \n Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' : ";
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   cin>>a[i];
}

/* Printing The Output Onto The Screen/Console */

cout<<" \n The Entered Numbers Are : \n ";
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
   cout<<a[i]<<"\t";
}
getch();
}
/* End Of Main Program */


Output :

Please Enter 10 Numbers For An Array 'A' :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

The Entered Numbers Are :
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10




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